四大发明：改变世界的中国古代智慧

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四大发明：改变世界的中国古代智慧

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传统文化

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国家与文化

时文话题

初中二年级

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时文摘要

中国古代的四大发明包括造纸术、指南针、火药、印刷术，它们对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，经各种途径传至西方各国，对世界文明发展史产生了巨大的影响力。

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There are four great inventions in Chinese history. What are they? They are the compass, gunpowder, paper, and printing technology. Since ancient times, they have made people’s lives easier around the world with a great many of other inventions.

Compass

Before the compass was invented, people had to look at the sun, moon, and stars to look for directions. The ancient Chinese also used magnetic (磁的) rocks to decide north and south. This way was later included into the invention of the compass.

Gunpowder

The Chinese first used gunpowder to make explosives (炸药) used by the military in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Chinese invented cannons (大炮) made of cast iron, cast iron landmines (地雷), and rockets, and gunpowder was used to make bamboo fireworks in the Song Dynasty.

Paper

The first type of paper was made of hemp, rag, and fishing net. This coarse paper was created in the Western Han Dynasty but it was too hard to write on so it wasn’t widely used. Cai Lun, a eunuch (太监) in the Eastern Han Dynasty court, invented a fine, white paper made of bark, hemp, cloth, and fishing net that could easily be written on.

Woodblock Printing

During the Tang Dynasty, ancient Chinese people, who made beautiful things by hand, came up with a creative way to largely produce printed works. There came the first type of woodblock printing. It put human civilization forward.

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