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越早开通社交账号，成绩越差？

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科学技术与研究

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高中三年级

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刷手机到底会不会影响学习？一项追踪五千多名学生多年的研究给出了自己的答案，而结果比想象中复杂——英语成绩竟然成了例外。一起来看看。

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Children who open social media accounts at the start of secondary school appear to perform worse in tests than those who sign up later. Researchers suspect that constantly checking for updates is a major distraction.
Pupils who opened their first social media account aged 11 to 12 scored lower in maths and reading tests than those who waited a few years, with scores at age 16 differing by the equivalent of about six months of learning. The work does not prove that social media is to blame, but the researchers took account of other factors that could skew the results, such as students’ earlier performance, family structure and parents’ education.
The findings, published in Nature Human Behaviour, are based on surveys of more than 5,000 Italian schoolchildren and their results in standardised maths, Italian and English exams. When tested at age 13 to 14, early users scored worse than those who waited until at least 14. At age 15 to 16, the gap for Italian remained, but the gap for maths widened. Interestingly, English showed no impact, possibly because so much social media content is in English, giving early users “incidental exposure and practice”. Put another way, the benefit for those who delayed was about half that achieved through intensive tutoring.
Dr Marco Gui, the first author of the study, speculates that social media on smartphones keeps young people in a constant state of alert. The continuous need to check messages makes them less present in family life and less engaged in tasks that take time, such as homework. One of the best predictors of the gap was how often children picked up their phones day and night.
The study comes as the UK plans to introduce a social media ban for under-16s, following Australia’s ban last year. While Gui supports an age limit, he regards a ban as an “emergency policy” and says the platforms themselves need to be safer and less addictive. Dennis Ougrin, a professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at Queen Mary University of London, said the message for parents and policymakers is not necessarily to ban social media, but to support young people in developing healthy habits.
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